Wilde, M. et al. (2015). Self-management intervention for long-Term indwelling urinary catheter users. Nursing Research, 64(1): 24-34. The method employed in this quantitative study is the random clinical trial and the research tradition was congruent with the methods used to collect and analyze the data: the researchers collected data during face-to-face home interviews and follow-up phone interviews with more than 200 participants involved over a 12-month period; and analysis was generated using generalized estimating equations. Thus the sample size was consistent with a standard quantitative study and the duration was of sufficient length to monitor changes/developments alongside a control group. There was no evidence of reflexivity, as the self-management approach to catheter use eliminated problems.

The sample was adequately described: the participants were adult long-term urinary catheter users split between the trial group testing the effectiveness of the self-management treatment and the control group receiving normal treatment. Thus triangulation was achieved in the sense that the control group received one method of treatment while the trial group received the experimental method; however, in terms of studying the outcome, the methodology of the study was singular (interview-based). The researchers asked the right questions regarding the effectiveness of self-management, as the randomized sample was data-based and focused on identifying whether patients who self-managed their...

Data was collected in a manner that minimized bias (randomized sample used) and the researchers who collected the data were trained in the method of doing so, as the researchers were associate professors, project nurses and research analysts (p. 24).
The researchers used strategies to enhance the trustworthiness of the study such as randomization and blinding of the sample (p. 26); plus they also identified the design of the study clearly, the expectations (hypotheses), clearly described the measures used, and the method of data analysis, as well as quantitative data regarding results. Likewise, the researchers' clinical and methodological qualifications enhanced confidence in the findings.

The data analysis was compatible with the research tradition, as the researchers used "standard data cleaning procedures" to screen for errors as well as "potential univariate and multivariate outliers" (p. 27). The researchers also utilized "intention-to-treat analysis" with SAS 9.3, a standard industry measurement device (p. 27). Analysis did yield an appropriate product theory, namely that the self-management system did improve quality-of-life in the trial group when compared to the control.

Findings were effectively summarized with supporting arguments: researchers used a flow chart to display interventions/effects over 12-month period in both…